MAN 542 KU Argument Types And Reasoning Methods Discussion

Question Description

Reply to each post with a minimum of 150 words each with 2 references each.

Post 1

We love to argue and probe a point weather or not we are working, at a friend’s house, or with a family member. We love to debate and argue until we come out winners either by saying things without thinking, or by proving it with facts, or coming out with historically data. Therefore, discourse is basically explaining why something is happening or just explaining it.

According to Copper and Schindler, Think like a researcher. There are two types of arguments which are deduction and induction. Deduction is having two valid and true arguments that points into a direction of proof. For example, the World Bank and an official data from Trading Economics stated that the United States had a total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 2142.7 billion US dollars in 2019. Since we have two credible sources, we could conclude that it is true.

On the other hand, we have an inductive argument where we have two ask ourselves the why is this happening and I am sure many businesses came out with this type of arguments why their finances went down during the pandemic Covid-19, or what is because they have a not covered any risk managements during their financial planning. Contingency plans are very useful in this type of arguments. However, to give a more concrete example we could say that doping could be the reason of athletes winning competitions if not tested, unless they are good at what they do.

References

Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Think like a researcher. In Business research methods (pp. 48–73). McGraw-Hill.

Post 2

What are the two types of discourse?

The two types of discourse are argument and exposition. Discourse is generally understood to encompass almost any type of communication, either oral or written. There are cases where a whole speech or paper depends on one style. The two forms of discourse are usually better suited for different scenarios, and there are distinguishing features of each, including goals. Most of the time, speakers and writers usually will take account of the discourse method they think will be the most effective at getting their points and attain their intended audience (Chen, Resendes, Chai, & Hong, 2017). Exposition is writing that tells quickly and clearly as possible precisely the aim of writing. In contrast, the argument focuses on persuasion, utilizing a single pronoun with the plural antecedent.

Exposition is considered as an argument without emotions and without the purpose of persuading. It is simply explaining and letting a reader take her/his choice. Exposition and argument have a specialized relationship with each other, and it is essential when it comes to writing one to understand the interrelationship of the two discourse functions (Gribanova, & Gaidukova, 2019).

What are the two types of arguments?

The two forms of argument are deduction and induction. A deductive argument entails if the premises are true, making the conclusion true. It takes place when an individual argues that the truth of the premises creates the truth of the conclusion. Whereas, in the inductive argument, if the premises are true, the conclusion is probably true. An individual believes that the truth of the premise offers an only good reason to believe the conclusion (Stephens, Dunn, Hayes, & Kalish, 2020). The difference between inductive and deductive arguments does not lie in words used within the arguments but their intentions of the individual arguing. Inductive argument strength is a matter of degree, whereas deductive validity and soundness are not. Thus, deductive reasoning tends to be more cut and dried compared to inductive reasoning. Also, inductive strength is not a matter of individual preference, but whether the premise ought to promote a higher degree of belief in the conclusion.

References

Chen, B., Resendes, M., Chai, C. S., & Hong, H. Y. (2017). Two tales of time: uncovering the

significance of sequential patterns among contribution types in knowledge-building discourse. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(2), 162-175.

Gribanova, T. I., & Gaidukova, T. M. (2019). Hedging in different types of discourse. Training,

Language and Culture, 3(2), 85-99.References

Stephens, R. G., Dunn, J. C., Hayes, B. K., & Kalish, M. L. (2020). A test of two processes: The

effect of training on deductive and inductive reasoning. Cognition, 199, 104223.

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