UM Geological Structures and Streams and Floods & Groundwater Discussion

Question Description

For project 5, please provide short answers for the following:

Explain how rocks respond to those stresses within the Earth’s crust by brittle, elastic, or plastic deformation, or by fracturing
Summarize how rocks become folded
Describe the conditions under which rocks fracture
Briefly describe the different types of faults, including normal, reverse, thrust, and strike-slip
Briefly describe the difference between strike and dip
Briefly describe the hydrological cycle
Describe a drainage basin and explain the origins of different types of drainage patterns
Explain how streams become graded
Describe the formation of stream terraces
Describe the processes by which sediments are moved by streams and the flow velocities that are necessary to erode them from the stream bed and keep them suspended in the water
Explain how natural stream levees form
Describe the types of environments where one would expect to find straight-channel, braided, and meandering streams
Explain some of the steps that we can take to limit the damage from flooding
Explain the concepts of porosity and permeability and the importance of these to groundwater storage and movement
Define aquifers, aquitards, confining layers, and the differences between confined and unconfined aquifers
Explain the concepts of hydraulic head, the water table, potentiometric surface, and hydraulic gradient
Describe the flow of groundwater from recharge areas to discharge areas
Describe how observation wells are used to monitor groundwater levels and the importance of protecting groundwater resources
Describe some of the ways that groundwater can become contaminated, and how contamination can be minimized

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